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Mohammad Iqbal was born in the city of Sialkot, Pakistan, in 1256 AH (1877 AH). In those years England had formally colonized India and Muslims had not yet been separated from India and there was no country called Pakistan.
Muhammad's ancestors were Kashmiri Brahmans who had converted to Islam under the rule of the Muslim Mongols in India. Mohammed's father was a mystical cleric and he read the books of "Mohiuddin Arabi" at home and was a follower of the Qadriyah dynasty.
Muhammad's education began in his hometown and he learned Persian, Arabic and Islamic sciences and the Koran in the traditional style. He continued his education at a Christian school called Scotch Mission.
In 1274 AH (1895 AD) Muhammad came to Lahore and enrolled in a public university studying literature and philosophy and chose the same master's degree and became a disciple of the Orientalist named Sertomas Arnold.
After graduating, Mohammed became professor of Oriental languages ​​at the University of Lahore and translated a book in economics from English to Urdu. At the same time he read his poems in literary assemblies.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, independence movements had begun in the Indian subcontinent, and the question of the fate of Muslims had been raised in the event of the Hindus winning and leaving England.
Mohammed became an active member of the Society for the Advocacy of Islam, and his poems gradually became political.
He went to Europe in 1284 AH to pursue his studies and received his doctorate in New Law and Philosophy in England and Germany. Mohammad Iqbal's doctoral dissertation was entitled "A Walk in Philosophy in Iran".
Mohammed returned to Lahore and first taught at the university but soon dropped out of law and became a lawyer.
During these years, Mohammed worked as a poet, social and Muslim poet who sought to assert the rights of the Indian subcontinent. The choice of Persian language for poetry was because he wanted to communicate with Persian with the Muslim world, which was often familiar with Persian at that time. He first sought to establish the Islamic International and unite all the Muslims of the world, and therefore chose Islam as a unifying element. But after the collapse of the Islamic powers one after another followed the theory of the establishment of an independent Islamic state in the Indian subcontinent and changed the language of his poetry to Urdu.
In 1920, the Orientalist named Nicholson translated the collection of Iqbal's "Mysteries of Secrets" into English and published it in London with an introduction he wrote. This work called Iqbal.
Iqbal is one of those who say that Western civilization began because it accepted the Islamic worldview and scientific thinking and accepted it. This theory was later continued by many who became known as Islamic intellectuals.
It is said that the name Pakistan was fortunate for a part of India that had been divided by Muslims.
Iqbal died in 1917 AH 1935 and his body was buried in the cemetery of Lahore Mosque.