مقدمة ابن خلدون

A book written by Ibn Khaldun in the year 1377 AD as an introduction to his huge book, Kitab Al-Abr (the full name of the book is Kitab Al-Abar, Diwan Al-Mubtada and Al-Khabar in the days of Arabs, non-Arabs, Berbers, and those of their contemporaries with the greatest authority). The introduction was later considered a separate book of an encyclopedic nature, in which it deals with all fields of knowledge from Sharia, history, geography, economics, urbanism, sociology, politics, and medicine. In it, he dealt with the conditions of humans, the differences in their natures, the environment, and their impact on humans. The study also dealt with the development of nations and peoples, the emergence of the state and the reasons for its collapse, focusing on the interpretation of this on the concept of nervousness. With this book, Ibn Khaldun preceded other thinkers to many opinions and ideas until he was considered the founder of sociology, predating that of the French philosopher Auguste Comte.

The introduction can be summarized in a set of theories and foundations developed by Ibn Khaldun to make him the true founder of sociology, contrary to what Western scholars claim that the real founder is the French Auguste Comte. It proceeds and proceeds according to specific laws, and these laws allow a measure of prediction of the future if they are well studied and understood, and that this science (the science of urbanism as he called it) is not affected by individual accidents, but is affected by societies as a whole. Finally, Ibn Khaldun emphasized that these laws can be applied to societies that live in times Different, provided that the structures are the same in all, for example, an agricultural society is the same agricultural society after 100 years or in the same era. Thus, Ibn Khaldun is the one who laid the real foundations of sociology. Ibn Khaldun was considered the founder of sociology and the first to put it on its modern foundations, and he came up with brilliant theories in this science about the laws of urbanism and the theory of nervousness, state building and the stages of its construction and fall. His views and theories preceded what was reached by several centuries later by a number of famous scientists such as the French scientist Auguste Comte.