Sejarah Filsafat Modern

The History of Modern Philosophy is an application that contains a collection of theories or material about the History of Modern Philosophy. This book is very suitable for students or students who want to understand more deeply about the history of modern philosophy

Overview of the History of Modern Philosophy

Modern philosophers assert that knowledge does not come from scripture or religious teachings, nor from rulers, but from humans themselves. However, regarding which aspects play a role there are differences of opinion. The flow of rationalism assumes that the source of knowledge is the ratio: truth must come from reason (reason). The school of empiricism, on the other hand, believes that experience is the source of that knowledge, both mental and sensory. Then came the flow of criticism, which tried to combine the two different opinions.
The flow of rationalism was pioneered by Rene Descartes (1596-1650 AD). In the book Discourse de la Method of 1637 he emphasized the need for a precise method as a solid foundation for all knowledge, namely by doubting everything, methodically. If a truth withstands this radical test of doubt, it is 100% certain and forms the basis of all knowledge.
But in the framework of this methodical doubt there is only one thing that cannot be doubted, namely "I doubt". It is not delusion, but the fact that "I doubt". When I doubt something, I realize that I doubt it is. In other words, the doubt immediately states that I am. That's "cogito ergo sum", I thought (= realized) then I exist. That is the undeniable truth. - Why is truth certain? Because I understand it "clearly, and segregated" - "clearly and distinctly", "clara et distincta". That is, what is clear and segregated must be accepted as true. And that became Descartes' norm in determining truth.
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